MPH Technologies Oy v. Apple Inc. involves the Federal Circuit's reversal and remand of claim construction rulings regarding two patent families. The court rejected the district court's construction of "secure" terms in the '949 patent family as limited to the IPSec protocol, and reversed the district court's indefiniteness determination for claim 1 of the '581 patent. Following the district court's constructions, the parties had stipulated to noninfringement of the '949 family and invalidity of the '581 patent.
The court's de novo claim construction analysis turned on reconciling competing signals in the specification. Although the specification repeatedly emphasized IPSec (appearing nearly 200 times) and stated that "[a]n essential idea of the invention is to use the standard protocol (IPSec)," the court found this language overcome by express disclaimers that "[t]he invention is not restricted to the details of the figures and accompanying text, or any existing protocols, such as the currently standardised IPSec" and statements that IPSec was merely "preferred." The court distinguished GPNE Corp. v. Apple Inc., where the specification "repeatedly and exclusively" used narrow terms, finding that here the inventor's express language foreclosed reading IPSec as a requirement into the broad claim term "secure" despite the protocol's prominence throughout the specification.